Our hair frames our face. Hair is one of our few physical characteristics we can voluntarily control, through hair length, style, and color. Our hairstyle is often a nonverbal expression of our personality. Male and female patterned hair loss affects 50% of men over 50 years of age and nearly 50% of women. Countless Internet sites and late night infomercials claim to have discovered a ‘‘miracle’’ cure for male and female pattern hair loss. Unfortunately, these ‘‘cures’’ are nonexistent and only serve to create cynicism and further stress for patients. Fortunately, there are safe, effective medications available to treat male and female pattern hair loss.

Hair loss:

The medical term for hair loss is alopecia. Alopecia may be localized or diffused. Patients may notice hair shedding, poor quality of hair, hair thinning or bald areas. There may be associated scalp disease or scarring

Causes of hair loss:

There are many different potential reasons for hair loss. Any number of factors can trigger hair loss. These can include

•    Allergies, irritants, toxins, burns, injuries, and infections

•    Family history

•    Hair treatment

•    Poor nutrition(protein, iron, and non-fat dairy )

•    Certain medications (especially anabolic steroids)

•    Chronic kidney failure

•    Radiation, and Chemotherapy

•    Vitamin A overdose, iron deficiency anemia

•    A malfunctioning thyroid gland, fever or pregnancy

Symptoms of hair loss:

Thinning hair is the most obvious symptom of androgenic alopecia. In men, it begins at the crown, temples, or both. They also tend to get a "high forehead" that's associated with a receding hairline. This is less common in women. While men can go completely bald, women don't usually lose all the hair on the crown of the head.

Adverse effects of hair loss:

If the person has hair loss due to poor nutrition, then the person may also have dandruff. Although they both may be unrelated to each other but dandruff becomes more visible due to balding.

Another complication of hair loss is that the person’s quality is decreased due to low self-esteem. These patients can use hair pieces, surgery or hair loss medicines.

People who are bald or are suffering hair loss may get the sun also burn especially if they have fair or light complexion skin.

Prevention of hair loss:

If hair loss is due to genetic background, then you might not be able to do much about the problem. However, if the hair loss is caused due to medicines, stress, lack of protein, or poor hair care, then this hair loss can be prevented.

•    Avoid allergic medications

•    Have a healthy nutritious diet

•    Reduce stress

•    Avoid using too much hair styling chemicals

•    Avoiding using those hairstyles that may harm your head

Myths and facts:

Myth: Sitting in AC room can cause hair loss

Fact: no, it does not cause hair loss but may cause dryness in the scalp

Myth: regular cutting may promote hair to grow thicker

Fact: no hair cut doesn’t promote thickness, in fact, the hair feel thicker after a haircut because hair is thicker near the base.

Common medicines:

The common medicines for hair loss treatment are:

•    Hairootz

•    Finpecia

•    Coverit-2%

•    Mintop solution

•    Roghan Badam Shirin

•    Parachute hair fall solution etc.

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Diagnosis:

Hair loss can be very distressing to people, but alopecia by itself isn't harmful - the damage is superficial. But there's always a chance that alopecia might be a secondary effect or symptom of some other illness/disease. To make it sure one should always consult a medical expert and carry out the proper tests to determine the severity of the problem. One should keep in mind that:

• You see a doctor if you start to lose hair
• Family history will often tell the doctor what type of alopecia a person has. A biopsy may be necessary to determine the type of hair loss
• Lab tests: Your doctor may perform blood tests to determine if you have a medical condition that causes hair loss, such as thyroid disease, diabetes or lupus.

Treatment:

Sometime in many cases hair resume growth without any treatment while, in some situations, treatments may be needed to promote growth or hide hair loss.

Medication

In case, the hair loss is due to an underlying disease then the treatment for that disease will be necessary. This may include drugs to reduce inflammation and suppress your immune system, such as prednisone.

Medicines having approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat hair loss include:

• Minoxidil: It is an over-the-counter liquid or foam that is rubbed into your scalp twice a day to grow hair and to prevent further loss. Results may vary in the individuals.Some people experience some hair regrowth or a slower rate of hair loss or both. It could take 12 weeks for new hair to start growing. Minoxidil is available in a 2 percent solution and a 5 percent solution.

Side effects: Scalp irritation, occasionally unwanted hair grows on the adjacent skin of the forehead or face

• Finasteride (Propecia): It is used to treat male-pattern baldness and is taken daily in pill form. Many men taking Finasteride experience a slowing of hair loss, and some may show some new hair growth.

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Side effects

1. Diminished sex drive and sexual function.
2. The FDA has also warned that in some men there's an increased risk, though low, of getting a fast-growing type of prostate cancer.
3. Should be avoided by women of childbearing age

• Surgery: In many cases where the superficial hair is lost surgery could prove to be a boon. Surgical procedures can reconstruct the most of the hair you have left. :
• Hair transplants: This procedure removes tiny plugs of skin, each containing a few hairs, from the back or sides of your scalp. The plugs are then implanted into the bald sections of your scalp. Several transplant sessions may be needed, as hereditary hair loss progresses with time.
• Scalp reduction: In this procedure some of the bald skin on your head is surgically removed.Once hairless scalp is removed, space is closed with hair-covered scalp.

Surgical procedures to cure baldness are very expensive and can be painful. Possible risks include infection and scarring.

Steps to improve life:

• Wigs and hairpieces: for those who want an alternative to medical treatment for your baldness or if you don't respond to treatment, you may consider wearing a wig or hairpiece. They can be used to cover either permanent or temporary hair loss
• Various hair oil and massage oils are available in the market for home remedies of hair fall like coconut oil, almond and olive oil.

Important things to know:

Today hair transplant surgery is common due to medical advancement and the success stories. Almost all bald people can get back their lustrous hair with this surgery.